芳香疗法改善癌症患者化疗所致恶心呕吐效果的Meta分析 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的 系统评估芳香疗法对癌症患者化疗所致恶心呕吐（chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting，CINV）症状的改善效果，为患者干预提供依据。方法 计算机检索中国知网，维普，万方，中国生物医学文献数据库，PubMed，Web ofScience，Cochrane Library，CINAHL Complete，Embase，Opengray，Scopus，Science Direct，Springer Link 13 个数据库，检索时限为自建库至 2025 年 12 月，纳入有关各类芳香疗法缓解癌症患者 CINV 症状的随机对照试验。采用 Stata 18 软件进行分析。结果 共纳入 17 项随机对照试验，总样本量为 1 539 例（试验组 794 例，对照组 745 例）。Meta 分析结果显示，芳香疗法可有效缓解癌症患者化疗所致的恶心严重程度［SMD=-0.94，95%CI（-1.46，-0.42），P<0.001］，急性呕吐频率［SMD=-0.98，95%CI（-1.47，-0.49），P<0.001］，恶心呕吐严重程度［SMD=-1.53，95%CI（-2.22，-0.83），P<0.001］。亚组分析显示，恶心严重程度及急性呕吐频率的改善效果不易受是否设置安慰剂对照的影响；而恶心呕吐严重程度的改善效果易受是否设置安慰剂对照影响。结论 芳香疗法对恶心严重程度、急性呕吐频率的改善效果不易受安慰剂效应干扰，较为稳定；而恶心呕吐严重程度的改善效果虽有效，但易受安慰剂效应影响，在干预时应加以注意。

Objective To systematically assess the efficacy of aromatherapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting （CINV）in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and to provide a basis for intervention. Methods Literature was systematically searched across 13 databases（CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Complete, Embase, Opengray, Scopus, Science Direct, and Springer Link）from the inception to December 2025. Randomised controlled trials （RCTs）evaluating the effect of aromatherapy on CINV were included and analyzed using Stata 18 software. Results A total of 17 RCTs involving a total sample of 1, 539 cases（794 in the experimental groups；745 in the control groups）were included. Meta-analysis showed that aromatherapy significantly alleviated the severity of nausea［SMD=-0.94, 95%CI（-1.46, -0.42）, P<0.001］, significantly reduced the frequency of acute vomiting［SMD=-0.98, 95%CI（-1.47, -0.49）, P<0.001］, and significantly relieved the severity of nausea and vomiting ［SMD=-1.53, 95%CI（-2.22, -0.83）, P<0.001］. Subgroup analyses indicated that the improvements in nausea severity and acute vomiting frequency were not substantially influenced by the placebo, however, the improvement of the severity of nausea and vomiting is influenced by the placebo. Conclusion Aromatherapy stably improves nausea severity and vomiting frequency in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, and the effects are not substantially influenced by placebo. However, although the improvement in the severity of nausea and vomiting is effective, it is susceptible to the placebo, which should be noted during intervention.