认知储备与社区融合度对社区老年人跌倒警觉度的影响研究 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的  了解社区老年人跌倒警觉度现状，探讨认知储备与社区融合度对社区老年人跌倒警觉度的影响，为制定针对性的跌倒警觉度干预方案提供参考。方法  采用便利抽样法，于 2024 年 8 月— 9 月选取雁峰区 500 名社区老年人作为研究对象，采用一般资料调查问卷、社区融合度量表（self-awareness of falls in elderly scale，SAFE）、跌倒警觉度量表（cognitive reserveindex questionnaire，CRIq）、认知储备指数问卷（neighborhood cohesion scale，NCS）对其进行调查。应用多重线性回归方法控制人口学因素后分析认知储备和社区融合度对社区老年人跌倒警觉度的影响。结果  本研究回收有效问卷 467 份。467 名社区老年人跌倒警觉度得分为（54.60±6.64）分，社区融合度为（29.84±5.52）分，认知储备总分为（93.27±10.83）分，均处于中等水平。线性分层回归模型显示，在控制身体质量指数（body mass index，BMI）、睡眠质量、有久坐爱好、害怕跌倒、经济来源变量后，社区融合度与认知储备与跌倒警觉度呈正相关（均 P<0.01），社区融合度解释其总变异度的 9.10%，认知储备解释其总变异度的5.70%。结论  社区老年人跌倒警觉度处于较低水平，需重视老年人的跌倒情况，并为其制订更有针对性和个性化培训教育，以增强其认知储备和社区融合度，降低跌倒的发生。

Objective To study the level of fall-related self-awareness among the elderly in community and to explore the influence of cognitive reserve and social cohesion on fall-related self-awareness，thereby providing a reference for developing targeted interventions. Methods Toally 500 old people in communities were recruited by convenience sampling in Hengyang between August and September 2024. Data were collected with the general information questionnaire，neighbourhood cohesion scale，self-awareness of falls in elderly scale，and cognitive reserve index questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was employed to explore the effects of cognitive reserve and social cohesion on fall-related self-awareness while controlling for demographic variables. Results A total of 467 valid questionnaires were returned. The score of fall-related self-awareness was 54.60±6.64（moderate level）. Social cohesion scores was 29.84±5.52（moderate level），and cognitive reserve score was 93.27±10.83（moderate level）. The cognitive reserve and social cohesion were both positively correlated with fall-related self-awareness（all P<0.01）. Community integration accounted for 9.10% of its total variability，and cognitive reserve accounted for 5.70% of the total variability of fall vigilance， while controlling for variables such as body mass index（BMI），sleep quality，sedentary habits，fear of falling and financial resources. Conclusion The elderly in communities exhibit a low level of fall-related self-awareness. More attention to risk of falling is required along with developing targeted and individualised training programs aiming at improvement of cognitive reserve and social cohesion， thereby reducing the incidence of falls.