踝关节骨折患者术后恐动症现状、影响因素及护理对策 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的  调查踝关节骨折术后患者恐动症现状，并探讨其影响因素，为制订踝关节骨折术后患者精准化护理干预方案提供参考。方法  采用便利抽样法，于 2023 年 6 月— 2024 年 5 月，选取新疆某三级甲等骨科专科医院 338 例首次踝关节骨折且接受手术治疗的患者，于患者术后 24h 应用一般资料调查表、恐动症评分量表（Tampa scale for kinesiophobia，TSK）、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale，VAS）、医院焦虑抑郁量表（hospital anxiety and depression scale，HADS）、一般自我效能感量表（general self-efficacy scale，GSES）及社会支持量表（social support rating scale，SSRS）进行调查，采用 Logistic 回归分析患者恐动的影响因素。结果  320 例踝关节骨折术后患者完成调查。其恐动症发生率为 38.1%，恐动评分为（39.6±1.5）分。Logistic 回归结果分析显示，疼痛、社会支持和自我效能感是踝关节骨折患者术后恐动症的影响因素（均 P<0.05）。结论  踝关节骨折患者术后恐动症发生率较高，影响恐动症发生率的因素有疼痛，社会支持和自我效能感。应针对影响因素采取干预策略，以便促进患者康复。

Objective To investigate status of postoperative kinesiophobia in patients with ankle fracture and to identify the factors influencing kinesiophobia，thereby offering references for developing targeted nursing interventions. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2023 and May 2024. With convenience sampling，338 first-time ankle fracture patients who received surgical treatment were recruited from a Tier-IIIA orthopaedic hospital in Xinjiang. Data was collected among the patients at 24 hours after surgery through the general information questionnaire，kinesiophobia scoring scale，pain visual analogue scale，hospital anxiety and depression scale，social support rating scale and general self-efficacy scale. Logistic regression was employed to identify factors influencing kinesiophobia. Results A total of 320 patients completed the study. The prevalence among the patients with kinesiophobia was 38.1%，and scored at（39.6±1.5）. Logistic regression analysis identified that the pain，social support and self-efficacy were the independent risk factors of kinesiophobia（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Patients with ankle fractures have a high prevalence of postoperative kinesiophobia. Pain，social support and self-efficacy are the key factors that influence kinesiophobia. Intervention strategies should be adopted in response to the influencing factors in order to promote the recovery of patients.