基于安德森模型的居民选择免陪照护服务的影响因素与护理启示 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的  基于安德森模型了解厦门市居民选择免陪照护服务的影响因素，为干预提供参考依据。方法  采用便利抽样法，选取 2023 年 4 月至 7 月厦门市 6 个辖区的 694 名常住居民作为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、日常生活活动能力量表（activity of daily living scale，ADL）、简明健康状况量表（12-Item short form health survey，SF-12）进行问卷调查。引入安德森模型作为框架，并通过单因素和 Logistic 回归分析厦门市居民选择免陪照护服务的影响因素。结果  694 名居民均完成研究。选择免陪照护服务就医的有 433 例（62.39%）。Logistic 回归分析结果显示，5 个先决因素（年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、工作状况、住院期间陪护任务承担主体），4 个促能因素（个人平均月收入、子女数、主要照护者、免陪照护付费意愿），1 个需求因素（最近一年就医次数）是厦门市居民选择免陪照护服务的影响因素（均 P<0.05）。结论  厦门市居民选择免陪照护服务就医意愿较高但仍有提升空间，建议应根据影响因素采取针对性干预方案，以便提升居民免陪照护就医意愿。

Objective To investigate the willingness to adopt a companion-free medical care among the residents of Xiamen and to identify factors influencing it，so as to provide a guidance for interventions based on Anderson’s behavioural model. Methods Between April and July 2023，a convenient sampling method was used to recruit 694 permanent residents across six districts in Xiamen. A general information questionnaire，the activity of daily living scale（ADL）and 12-item short form health survey（SF- 12）were used for the survey. Anderson’s behavioural model was employed to analyse the data acquired from the survey. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing the willingness to seek companion-free medical care. Results All 694 participants completed the survey. Among them，433（62.39%）chose the companion-free medical care. Logistic regression analysis revealed that five predisposing factors（age，marital status，education，employment status，and primary caregiver during hospitalisation），four enabling factors（average personal monthly income，number of children，availability of a main caregiver，and willingness to pay for non-family accompany medical care），and one needed factor（number of hospital visits in last year）significantly influenced residents of Xiamen to choose companion-free medical care（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Residents of Xiamen demonstrate a relatively strong willingness to seek companion-free medical care，though further improvements are still required. It is suggested that targeted interventions should be taken according to the identified factors，in order to enhance the willingness of residents and promote the adoption of companion-free medical care.