蒙台梭利教育理念的怀旧疗法在轻度认知障碍老年人中的应用 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的  基于蒙台梭利教育理念构建养老机构轻度认知障碍（mild cognitive impairment，MCI）老年人怀旧疗法干预方案，并验证其应用效果。方法  以蒙台梭利教育理念为指导，通过文献回顾初拟干预方案，经专家会议及预实验确立最终方案。2022 年 2 月至 5 月，采用便利抽样法，选取辽宁省某养老机构 70 例 MCI 老年人作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法将其随机分成对照组和试验组各 35 例，对照组老年人接受常规的认知训练，试验组老年人在对照组基础上接受基于蒙台梭利教育理念构建的怀旧疗法护理干预。比较两组老年人干预前后 6w 的认知功能和日常生活活动能力。结果  两组老年人认知功能总分及其视空间与执行功能、命名能力、延迟回忆、定向力 4 个维度与日常生活活动能力得分干预前后差值比较，差异具有统计学意义（均 P<0.05），且试验组优于对照组。结论  基于蒙台梭利理念的怀旧疗法可改善 MCI 老年人认知功能和日常生活活动能力，尤其是认知功能视空间与执行功能、命名能力、延迟回忆和定向力维度等方面。

Objective To develop a reminiscence therapy program with Montessori educational philosophy in treatment of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment（MCI）in nursing homes and evaluate its effect. Methods On the basis of Montessori education principles，a reminiscence therapy program was drafted through literature review and had it finalised with expert consultations and a pilot study. Between February and May 2022，70 elderly with MCI were recruited from a nursing home in Liaoning Province using convenience sampling. The recruited elderly were randomly divided into a control group（n=35）and an intervention group（n=35）using a random number table. The elderly in control group received conventional cognitive training only while the elderly in the intervention group received reminiscence therapy in addition to the conventional cognitive training. Cognitive function and ability of daily living（ADL） were compared between the two groups after a 6-week intervention. Results The elderly in intervention group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in both cognitive function and dimensions（visuospatial/executive function，naming ability，delayed recall and orientation，as well as in ADL after a 6-week intervention（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The Montessori philosophy based on reminiscence therapy improves cognitive function and activities of daily living in the elderly with MCI，particularly from the perspectives of visuospatial/ executive function，naming ability，delayed recall and orientation.