乳腺癌放疗患者信息需求的潜在剖面分析及其与自我管理能力的关系研究 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的  探讨乳腺癌放疗患者信息需求潜在剖面及其影响因素，并分析不同剖面信息需求患者的自我管理能力差异。方法  采用便利抽样法，选取 2024 年 9 月— 2025 年 1 月于天津市某三级甲等肿瘤专科医院接受放疗的 240 例乳腺癌患者为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、信息需求量表（information needs questionnaire，INQ）和癌症自我管理测评量表（cancerpatients self-management scale，CP-SMS）进行问卷调查。对乳腺癌放疗患者信息需求进行潜在剖面分析，采用无序多分类Logistic 回归分析不同剖面的影响因素，广义线性模型分析信息需求潜在剖面与自我管理能力的关系。结果  共 238 例患者完成研究。乳腺癌放疗患者信息需求可分为低信息需求型 50 例（21.0%）、中信息需求 - 放疗决策需求型 73 例（30.7%）和高信息需求 - 症状管理需求型 115 例（48.3%）3 个潜在剖面。年龄≥ 60 岁、农村居住地、放疗次数≤10 次的乳腺癌放疗患者信息需求特征剖面归属于中信息需求 - 放疗决策需求型的可能性较大（均 P<0.01）；年龄 <45 岁、文化程度本科及以上、放疗次数 11~20次的乳腺癌放疗患者信息需求特征剖面归属为高信息需求 - 症状管理需求型的可能性较大（均 P<0.05）。广义线性模型分析显示，中、高信息需求的乳腺癌放疗患者对自我管理能力有负向预测作用（均 P<0.01）。结论  乳腺癌放疗患者信息需求特征存在差异，不同剖面乳腺癌放疗患者自我管理能力具有差异，医护人员应根据患者的不同信息需求特征，分阶段制订以患者需求为主的放疗相关信息支持干预方案，满足患者的信息需求，提高其自我管理能力。

Objective To identify latent profiles of information needs and the factors associated with them among patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy，hence analysing differences in self-management ability across the profiles. Methods Convenience sampling was employed to select 240 patients with breast cancer and undergoing radiotherapy at a Tier-IIIA cancer hospital in Tianjin between September 2024 and January 2025. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire， information needs questionnaire（INQ）and cancer patients self-management scale（CP-SMS）. Latent profile analysis was conducted to classify the patterns of information need. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the need of information，and a generalised linear model was tested for the association between of information need and self-management ability. Results A total of 238 patients completed the study. Three latent profiles were identified：low information needs（n=50，21.0%）， moderate needs focusing on radiotherapy decision-making（n=73，30.7%），and high needs focusing on symptom management（n=115， 48.3%）. The patients aged≥60 years and lived in rural areas or received≤10 radiotherapy sessions were more likely with a moderate needs focusing on radiotherapy decision-making profile（all P<0.01）. Patients aged <45 years，with higher education（bachelor’s degree）or received 11-20 radiotherapy sessions were more likely to fit the high needs focusing on symptom management profile（all P<0.05）. General linear modelling revealed that both of the patients in moderate and high information needs had negatively predicted self-management ability（both P<0.01）. Conclusion Patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy have distinct profiles of information need that differ in self-management capacity. Healthcare providers should develop stage specific and patient-orientated informational support interventions program tailored to the profiles，thereby to meet individual needs and enhance self-management ability of the patients with breast cancer.