运动零食在糖尿病患者中应用的范围综述 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的  对运动零食在糖尿病患者中应用的相关研究进行范围综述，明确其干预要素、结局指标及应用效果，为运动零食在糖尿病患者中的进一步研究与临床应用提供参考。方法  采用 ARKSEY 提出的范围综述报告方法学框架，检索PubMed，Cochrane Library，Web of Science，Embase，中国知网，万方数据知识服务平台，维普中文科技期刊数据库 7 个中英文数据库中的相关文献，检索时限为建库至 2026 年 2 月 20 日，2 名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料。结果  共纳入 14 篇文献，其中随机对照试验 2 篇、自身对照实验 12 篇。糖尿病患者运动零食的运动类型包括有氧运动、抗阻运动和联合运动；运动强度多为轻至中等强度，频率≥3 次 /d，3~6min/ 次，每次运动间隔为 30min。结局指标涵盖血糖相关指标、胰岛素及胰岛素敏感性、脂质代谢指标、身体成分与依从性、可行性及安全性等方面。结果显示，运动零食可不同程度改善餐后血糖、动态血糖水平、胰岛素反应及脂质代谢指标，且总体安全可行。结论  运动零食对糖尿病患者血糖相关指标的控制具有积极效果，但现有研究多为短期干预，干预方案及评价指标尚未统一，建议未来结合患者特征优化个体化运动零食处方。

Objective To synthesise the existing literature on exercise snacks in patients with diabetes，summarising their intervention components，outcome measures and effects，for the purpose of providing a reference for further research and clinical application in this population. Methods Following the scoping review framework，7 Chinese and English databases were systematically searched-PubMed，Cochrane Library，Web of Science，Embase，CNKI，Wanfang，and VIP-for relevant articles published from database inception to February 2026. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted relevant data. Results A total of 14 studies were included，comprising 2 randomised controlled trials and 12 self-controlled trials. The types of exercise snacks in patients with diabetes included aerobic exercise，resistance exercise，and combined exercise. Intervention protocols typically involved light-tomoderate intensity exercise at a frequency of ≥3 times/day，with 3-6 minutes per session and a 30 minute intersession interval. Outcome indicators included glycaemic indicators，insulin and insulin sensitivity，lipid metabolism markers，body composition，adherence， feasibility and safety. The evidence showed that exercise snacks improved postprandial glucose，dynamic glycaemic control，insulin responses，and lipid metabolism to various degrees，with overall safety and feasibility. Conclusion Exercise snacks exert beneficial effects on glycaemic control in individuals with diabetes. However，most existing studies are limited to short-term interventions and are characterised by the heterogeneity in intervention protocols and outcome measures. Future research is suggested to optimise personalised prescriptions for exercise snack based on individual characteristics.