老年人健康脆弱性的概念分析 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的  确定老年人健康脆弱性的概念，为未来开展老年人健康脆弱性相关研究提供参考。方法  系统检索中国知网，SinoMed，万方数据库，CINAHL，PubMed，Cochrane Library，Web of Science，EMbase 数据库中关于健康脆弱性的文献，检索时限为建库至 2025 年 6 月 11 日，并以 Walker 和 Avant 的概念分析法进行分析。结果  共纳入 29 篇文献。老年人健康脆弱性定义属性包括暴露水平、敏感性和适应能力；其前置因素分为生理、心理和环境因素；后果为不良健康结局增加、生活质量下降、医疗和照护负担加重。结论  通过概念分析明确了老年人健康脆弱性的定义属性、前因后果等，为其理论建构与后续研究提供清晰的概念依据。未来可结合我国本土化特征，进一步开发相关评估工具、探索其影响因素及作用机制等，为帮助老年人实现从被动治疗向主动健康管理转变奠定基础。

Objective To define the concept of health vulnerability in older adults and provide a reference for future research. Methods Systematic searches were conducted for literature on health vulnerability through following databases from the inception to June 11th 2025：CNKI,SinoMed,Wanfang Data,CINAHL,PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and EMbase. Data were analysed using Walker and Avant’s conceptual analysis method. Results A total of 29 articles were included. The defining attributes of health vulnerability in older adults included exposure level,sensitivity and adaptability. Antecedents consisted of physiological, psychological and social factors. Consequences included the increased adverse health outcomes,decreased quality of life and increased burden of medical and caregiving responsibilities. Conclusion This concept analysis has clarified the defining attributes,antecedents and consequences of health vulnerability in older adults,and provided a clear conceptual basis for theoretical development and future research. Future efforts should be focused on the integration of China’s contextual characteristics to further develop assessment tools, explore the associated factors and underlying mechanisms,hence to lay a foundation for supporting older adults from passive treatment to proactive health management.