老年糖尿病患者数字健康服务需求问卷的编制及其信度、效度检验 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的 编制老年糖尿病患者数字健康服务需求问卷并检验其信度、效度。方法 以社会生态系统理论为指导，通过文献回顾、半结构式访谈初步构建问卷条目池，2024 年 10 月— 12 月经过 2 轮专家德尔菲函询形成初始问卷；2025 年 1月— 4 月，采用目的抽样法，选取在青岛市某三级甲等综合医院内分泌门诊就诊的 220 例老年糖尿病患者作为调查对象，并检验问卷信度、效度。结果 215 例患者完成研究。形成的老年糖尿病患者数字健康服务需求问卷包含个人健康管理需求、健康知识需求、个体使用体验需求、多元支持需求和政策保障需求 5 个维度，共 25 个条目。问卷条目水平的内容效度指数（itemlevel content validity index，I-CVI）为 0.857~1.000，问卷水平的内容效度指数（scale-level content validity index，S-CVI）为 0.943；探索性因子分析共提取出 5 个公因子，累计方差贡献率为 64.537%。各因子与总量表间呈正相关，相关系数为 0.668~0.800（均P<0.01）。总问卷的 Cronbach α 系数 0.925，各维度的 Cronbach α 系数为 0.812~0.892，总问卷的重测信度为 0.930，折半信度为0.810。结论 本研究编制的问卷具有良好的信度和效度，可作为老年糖尿病患者数字健康服务需求满足情况的评估工具。

Objective To develop a questionnaire for digital health service needs of elderly patient with diabetes and test its liability and validity. Methods Guided by the theory of social-ecological systems，an initial item pool was constructed through literature review and semi-structured interviews. After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation from October to December 2024，a preliminary questionnaire was proposed. From January to April 2025，a purposive sampling method was used to recruit 220 elderly patients with diabetes from the Outpatient Department of Endocrinology at a Tier-IIIA hospital in Qingdao to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Results A total of 215 patients completed the study. The finalised questionnaire comprised 25 items across five dimensions: personal health management needs，health knowledge needs，individual user experience needs，multidimensional support needs and policy assurance needs. The item-level content validity index（I-CVI）ranged from 0.857 to 1.000，and the questionnaire-level content validity index/average（S-CVI/Ave）was 0.943. Exploratory factor analysis yielded five common factors，accounting for 64.537% of total variance. All factors were positively correlated with total questionnaires，with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.668 to 0.800 （P<0.01）. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.925，and the Cronbach’s α coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.812 to 0.892. The test-retest reliability was 0.930，and the split-half reliability was 0.810. Conclusion The developed questionnaire demonstrates good reliability and validity. It can serve as a tool for evaluating the digital health service needs of elderly patient with diabetes.