直肠癌保肛术后患者肠道症状自我管理行为现状、影响因素与护理对策 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的 了解直肠癌保肛术后患者肠道症状自我管理行为现状，探讨其自我管理行为的影响因素并提出护理对策。方法 采用便利抽样法，于 2024 年 3 月— 2025 年 3 月，选取西安市某三级甲等专科医院 529 例直肠癌保肛术后患者作为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、直肠癌保肛术后患者肠道症状自我管理行为问卷、电子健康素养量表、领悟社会支持量表与决策自我效能量表进行调查。采用多重线性回归分析肠道症状自我管理行为的影响因素。结果 520 例患者完成研究。直肠癌保肛术后患者肠道症状自我管理行为得分（28.4±4.8）分。电子健康素养、领悟社会支持、决策自我效能、文化程度、工作状态、居住地和术后时间是其自我管理行为的影响因素（均P<0.01）。结论 直肠癌保肛术后患者肠道症状自我管理行为处于较低水平，影响因素较多，相关人员可进行相应干预改善患者肠道症状自我管理行为。

Objective To investigate the status quo and identify the factors influencing intestinal symptom self-management of patients with anal preservation for rectal cancer. Methods Convenient sampling was used to recruit 529 consecutive patients with anal preservation after surgery for rectal cancer from a Tier IIIA hospital for this cross-sectional study，between March 2024 and March 2025. Data were collected via a demographic form，the intestinal symptom self-management behaviour questionnaire，the electronic health literacy scale，perceived social support scale，and decision-making self-efficacy scale. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 520 patients completed the study. The mean score of self-management behaviour was 28.4±4.8. Multiple regression showed that e-health literacy，comprehending social support，decision-making self-efficacy，education，working status，residential area and postoperative period were the factors that influenced self-management behaviour（all P<0.01）. Conclusion Patients with postoperative anal preservation for rectal cancer have a poor self-management of intestinal symptom which is affected by many factors. Healthcare providers should take corresponding measures to improve their self-management behaviour.