颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后患者牙科焦虑的潜在剖面分析及其影响因素与护理对策 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的  探讨颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后患者的牙科焦虑潜在剖面特征及其影响因素。方法  采用便利抽样法，选取2023 年 10 月— 2024 年 10 月在合肥市某医院口腔颌面外科接受颌骨囊肿开窗减压术的 342 例患者作为研究对象，采用一般资料调查问卷、牙科焦虑与恐惧指数量表（仅选用分量表 - 焦虑模块）、视觉模拟量表、焦虑敏感性指数 -3、疼痛敏感性指数量表、厌恶敏感性量表和一般自我效能感量表进行调查。使用 Mplus7.4 软件进行潜在剖面分析，运用无序多分类 Logistic 回归分析颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后患者牙科焦虑不同类别的影响因素。结果  315 例患者完成研究。颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后患者的牙科焦虑可分为低水平 - 高情绪反应型（31.4%）、中水平 - 焦虑持续型（32.1%）、中水平 - 高适应就医推迟型（13.0%）、高水平 - 就医推迟型（23.5%）4 个潜在类别；性别、受教育程度、饮酒、疼痛评分、疼痛敏感性、焦虑敏感性和自我效能感得分是其牙科焦虑的影响因素（均 P<0.05）。结论  颌骨囊肿开窗减压术后患者牙科焦虑存在个体差异，护理人员可根据牙科焦虑不同剖面特征制订针对性干预方案，以达到最佳干预效果。

Objective To investigate the latent profiles of dental anxiety in patients after decompressive surgery for jaw cysts by fenestration and to identify the factors influencing the anxiety. Methods Convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 342 patients who received fenestration for decompression of jaw cysts in our hospital between October 2023 and October 2024. Data were collected through a general demographic questionnaire，dental anxiety and fear indicator scale（only the core fear module collected）， visual analogue scale，anxiety susceptibility index-3 scale，pain susceptibility indicator scale，aversion sensitivity scale and general self-efficacy scale. The Mplus7.4 was used for latent profile analysis and multivariate unordered logistic regression was used to analyse the factors affecting different latent profiles of dental anxiety. Results 315 patients finished the study. Four latent profiles were identified： low-level high emotional reactivity（31.4%），medium-level anxiety persistence（32.1%），medium-level high adaptation to delayed medical care（13.0%）and high-level postponement of medical care（23.5%）. Multivariate disordered logistic regression analyses indicated that gender，alcohol consumption，education，pain score，pain sensitivity，anxiety sensitivity and self-efficacy affected dental anxiety of patients（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Patients present different profiles of dental anxiety after fenestration for decompression of jaw cysts. Nursing staff shall adopt targeted intervention strategies according to the profiles to achieve the best effect of intervention.