基于 IKAP模式的胰十二指肠切除术后患者居家营养管理方案的构建与应用 [中文引用][英文引用]

目的  基于信息 - 知识 - 信念 - 行为（information-knowledge-attitude-practice model，IKAP）模式构建胰十二指肠切除术后患者居家营养管理方案并探讨其应用效果。方法  基于信息 - 知识 - 信念 - 行为（information-knowledge-attitudepractice model，IKAP）模式构建胰十二指肠切除术后患者居家营养管理方案，采用便利抽样法，选取 2024 年 4 月— 2025 年 4月在河北省某三级甲等综合医院普外科行胰十二指肠切除术的 76 例患者作为研究对象，其中 2024 年 4 月— 9 月的 38 例患者为对照组，2024 年 10 月— 2025 年 4 月的 38 例患者为试验组。对照组患者接受常规营养护理干预，试验组接受本研究构建的居家营养管理方案。比较干预前后两组患者营养相关指标、营养知信行得分及生活质量。结果  74 例患者完成研究，其中试验组 36 例，对照组 38 例。两组患者干预前后体重比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；干预前后试验组血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、营养知信行得分和生活质量得分差值高于对照组，两组比较，差异具有统计学意义（均 P<0.05）。结论  实施基于信息 - 知识 -信念 - 行为模式的胰十二指肠切除术后患者居家营养管理方案可提高患者营养相关指标、营养知信行水平和生活质量。

Objective To develop a home-based dietary nutritional management program for patients after panereaticodu-odenectomy based on the information-knowledge-attitude-practice（IKAP）model and to evaluate the effect of the program. Methods Convenience sampling was used to recruit 76 patients who underwent panereaticoduodenectomy between April 2024 and April 2025 in the Department of General Surgery of a Tier-IILA hospital in Hebei Province. Thirty-eight patients admitted between April and May 2024 were assigned to a control group，and 38 patients admitted between December 2024 and April 2025 were assigned to a trial group. Patients in control group received a home-based routine nutrition management，while those in the trial group received the homebased nutrition management program developed in this study. The two groups were compared in terms of nutrition-related indicators， nutritional IKAP level and quality of life after intervention. Results A total of 74 patients completed the study，36 in the trial group and 38 in the control group. There was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups before and after the intervention （P>0.05）. Patients in trial group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in serum albumin，haemoglobin，nutritional knowledgeattitude-practice level and scores of quality of life than those in the control group（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The home-based nutrition management program based on the IKAP model for patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy improves nutritional inolexes during postoperative recovery and improves the nutritional IKAP and quality of life.